Independent upper and lower body exercise equipment components and methods of using the same

ABSTRACT

A physical exercise apparatus is disclosed, and comprises a frame, a seat, a pair of upper arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame, and a lower arm movably attached to a second portion of the frame. The seat is supported by the frame and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. The pair of upper arms is coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load and is stationary with respect to the seat. The lower arm is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load so that the user can move pair of upper movable arms while separately engaging the lower arm with a portion of his or her lower body.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to each of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/831,903, filed on Jun. 6, 2013, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/967,945, filed on Aug. 15, 2013, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/872,207, filed on Aug. 30, 2013, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/104,664, filed on Dec. 12, 2013, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/154,957, filed on Jan. 14, 2014, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD

The present invention generally relates to physical exercise equipment and methods of using the same, and in particular, to physical exercise equipment that includes a lower body exercise and a separate, independent, upper body exercise. In embodiments, one or both of the upper body exercise and the lower body exercise may position a user in a manner so that the user can use physical exercise equipment to inhibit, improve, and/or correct muscular imbalances.

SUMMARY

In exemplary embodiments, a physical exercise apparatus is disclosed, and comprises a frame, a seat, a pair of upper arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame, and a lower arm movably attached to a second portion of the frame. The seat is supported by the frame and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. The pair of upper arms is coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load and is stationary with respect to the seat. The lower arm is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load so that the user can move pair of upper movable arms while separately engaging the lower arm with a portion of his or her lower body.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pressed upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the arm can be pulled rearwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of movable arms can be pulled downwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pulled generally upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pressed forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally rearwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally downwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pressed generally upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pressed generally forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, a bracing arm is coupled to the second portion of the frame for maintaining a portion of a user's lower body in a substantially stationary position.

In exemplary embodiments, a method of physical exercise training is disclosed, and comprises: (a) providing a physical exercise apparatus, comprising: a frame, a seat supported by the frame, a pair of upper arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load, the first portion of the frame stationary with respect to the seat, and a lower arm movably coupled to a second portion of the frame and independently movable from the pair of upper arms; (b) positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat; (c) accessing by the user the pair of upper arms with the user in the at least partially supine position; and (d) simultaneously engaging by the user the pair of upper arms to exercise a portion of an anatomy of the user and independently moving by the user the lower arm with a portion of the user's body while the user is in the at least partially supine position.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pushing the pair of movable arms forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms downwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms generally upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms rearwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pressing the pair of movable arms upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pressing the lower arm forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pressing the lower arm generally upwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally rearwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally downwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, a physical exercise apparatus is disclosed, and comprises a frame, a seat, an upper arm movably coupled to a first portion of the frame, and a lower arm movably attached to a second portion of the frame. The seat is supported by the frame and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. The upper arm is symmetrically arranged in front of the seat and coupled with a linearly movable resistance load, and is stationary with respect to the seat. The lower arm is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load so that the user can move the upper arm while separately engaging the lower arm with a portion of his or her lower body.

In exemplary embodiments, the upper movable arm is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the upper movable arm can be pulled downwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the upper arm is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the upper arm can be pulled rearwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally rearwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally downwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, a method of physical exercise training is disclosed, and comprises: (a) providing a physical exercise apparatus, comprising: a frame, a seat supported by the frame, an upper arm movably coupled to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a linearly movable resistance load, the first portion of the frame stationary with respect to the seat and the upper arm arranged symmetrically in front of the seat, and a lower arm movably coupled to a second portion of the frame and independently movable from the upper arm; (b) positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat; (c) accessing by the user the upper arm with the user in the at least partially supine position on the seat; and (d) simultaneously engaging by the user the upper arm to exercise a portion of an anatomy of the user and independently moving by the user the lower arm with a portion of the user's body while the user is in the at least partially supine position.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally rearwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally downwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the upper arm includes pulling the upper arm downwardly toward the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, engaging by the user the upper arm includes pulling the upper arm rearwardly with respect to the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, a physical exercise apparatus is disclosed, and comprises a frame, a seat, a pair of movable arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame, and a sled movably attached to a second portion of the frame. The seat is configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. The pair of movable arms is coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load and is stationary with respect to the seat. The sled is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load and is independently movable from the pair of movable arms so that the user can move the sled while separately engaging the pair of movable arms.

In exemplary embodiments, the pair of movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of movable arms can be pressed upwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the sled is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the sled can be moved generally forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, the sled is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the sled can be moved generally upwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, a method of physical exercise training is disclosed, and comprises: (a) providing a physical exercise apparatus, comprising: a frame; a seat supported by the frame; a pair of upper arms movably attached to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a linearly movable resistance load; and a sled movably attached to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a linearly movable resistance load; (b) positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat; (c) accessing by the user the sled from the at least partially supine position; and (d) simultaneously moving by the user the pair of upper arms and independently moving by the user the movable sled while the user is in the at least partially supine position.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the sled includes moving the sled generally upwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the sled includes moving the sled generally forwardly away from the seat.

In exemplary embodiments, moving by the user the pair of upper arms includes pressing the pair of upper arms upwardly away from the seat.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various exemplary embodiments of this invention will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein:

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 1A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 1C is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 1A being operated by a user;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 2A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 2A being operated by a user;

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 3A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 3C is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 3A being operated by a user;

FIG. 3D is a front view of a portion of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 3A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 3E is a front view of a portion of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 3A being operated by a user;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 4A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 4C is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 4A being operated by a user;

FIG. 5A is a side view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 5A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 5C is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 5A being operated by a user;

FIG. 6 is a side view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 7A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 7C is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 7A being operated by a user;

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus with a user disposed thereon according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 8A being operated by a user;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 9A, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 9C is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 9A being operated by a user;

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, with a user disposed thereon;

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 10A being operated by a user;

FIG. 11A is a side view of a physical exercise apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11B is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 11A, with a user disposed thereon; and

FIG. 11C is a side view of the physical exercise apparatus shown in FIG. 11A being operated by a user;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is generally directed towards physical exercise apparatuses and associated methods of use. The present invention generally relates to a physical exercise apparatus and/or method of using the same comprising a target exercise portion and a distraction exercise portion, wherein the target exercise portion and the distraction exercise portion are substantially biomechanically isolated and independently movable from each other, and wherein such movement may position and/or maintain a user's position with respect to the physical exercise apparatus to inhibit, improve, and/or correct muscular imbalances.

The disclosed exercise equipment apparatuses may be configured to provide a distracting exercise to distract a portion of a user's body. In embodiments, a distracting exercise may be configured to generate neuromuscular signals, work, load, and/or otherwise engage a portion of the user's body. In embodiments, a portion of a user's lower body may be targeted for resistance training. In embodiments, a portion of a user's upper body may be targeted for resistance training. In embodiments, a portion of a user's upper body may be a distracted portion of the user's body. In embodiments, a portion of a user's lower body may be a distracted portion of the user's body. In embodiments, a distracted portion of a user's body may be a portion of the user's body that is not being targeted for resistance training.

In embodiments, a distracting exercise may incorporate substantial resistance, such as a strength training exercise. In embodiments, a distracting exercise may provide primarily or exclusively strength training, for example, a distracting exercise may provide substantially little or no cardiovascular training. In embodiments, distraction of one portion of a user's body may facilitate the engagement of deep muscles, ligaments and/or tendons of a target portion of the user's body. Such deep muscles, ligaments and/or tendons may be located within a portion of a user's body at positions deeper below the user's skin than muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons that are typically engaged by a resistance exercise that does not incorporate a distracting exercise.

In embodiments, the disclosed physical exercise apparatuses may provide a user with a configuration of movement and/or positioning that may provide therapeutic benefits for a user, such as maintaining, improving, and/or correcting posture, improving and/or correcting muscular imbalances, maintaining and/or improving a user's flexibility and/or strength, rehabilitation of injuries and/or generally facilitating health and/or healing. A user's posture may include the user's general resting and/or at least partially active biomechanical bodily alignment.

In embodiments, distraction of one portion of the user's body may position the user in a manner so that it is substantially difficult or impossible to achieve an improper position during performance of the target exercise. In embodiments, a distracting exercise may position a user such that it may be substantially difficult for a user to leverage a non-target portion of the user's body against a target muscle portion of the user's body in performing a resistance exercise, maintain an improper posture and/or apply an asymmetrical resistive loading to a target muscle group.

In embodiments, the distraction of one portion of the user's body may tend to position at least a portion of the user's body in a manner such that the user is discouraged from favoring and/or leveraging one portion of a target muscle group against another portion of the target muscle group so that a target muscle group may receive an increased resistive loading as compared to a positioning of the user's body without a distracting exercise. In embodiments, the distraction of one portion of the user's body may tend to position a user in such a manner that a user receives a substantially even resistive loading with respect to an axial midline of the user's body across target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of one portion of the user's body may position the user in a manner so that the user is inhibited from developing neuromuscular adaptations so that the user may be inhibited from, for example, adapting, becoming bored with, and/or reaching a training plateau, with respect to a target exercise.

FIG. 1A shows a physical exercise apparatus, generally designated by reference number 100, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Physical exercise apparatus 100 includes a frame 102 having a first portion 102 a and a second portion 102 b. A seat 104 is supported by the frame 102 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. In embodiments described herein, a user in an at least partially supine position may be in a seated and/or at least partially reclined position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 106 are movably coupled to the first portion 102 a of the frame 102 and configured to move upwardly relative to the seat 104. In embodiments described herein, a pair of movable arms may be directly coupled to a portion of a frame, for example via a hinge or pinned connection (shown best in FIG. 7A), or may be movably coupled in a different manner, for example, coupled to ball joint 207, as shown. The pair of upper movable arms 106 may be configured to be pressed, pushed, lifted, and/or raised upwardly and/or overhead with respect to seat 104 so that a user can perform, for example, shoulder presses with the pair of upper movable arms 106. The first portion 102 a of frame 102 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 104 so that each upper movable arm 106 may be movably coupled to the frame 102 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 106 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned level with or above a user's head with the user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 104. The pair of upper movable arms 106 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 108. In embodiments, first resistance load 108 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 110 is movably coupled to the second portion 102 b of the frame 102. The lower movable arm 110 may include a pair of extensions 112 extending laterally therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 112 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 112 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 110 is positioned in front of the seat 104 so that a user may engage the extensions 112 or another portion of lower movable arm 110 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 104. The user may engage extensions 112 with his or her lower body and move the movable arm 110 to perform, for example, leg curls. Physical exercise apparatus 100 may further comprise a bracing arm 114 for maintaining each of the user's upper legs in a substantially stationary position while the user's lower legs engage and move the lower movable arm 110. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 110 may have a resting position extending generally horizontally away from a portion of the frame 102 positioned in front of the seat 104.

The second portion 102 b of the frame 102 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 104 so that the lower movable arm 110 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 102. The lower movable arm 110 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 116. In embodiments, second resistance load 116 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 100 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 1B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 100 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 104. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 106 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 106 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 70 degrees and about 80 degrees, such as 75 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line R₁ formed by the user's lateral thorax. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line R₁.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 110 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower legs, for example, feet, ankles, and/or calves, over the extensions 112. The user may further place a portion of his or her mid and/or upper legs below bracing arm 114, for example, the shin, knee and/or thigh.

With reference to FIG. 1C, the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 106 while independently moving the lower arm 110 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 110 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 106 and/or vice-versa. The user may press, push, raise, and/or lift the pair of upper movable arms 106 upwardly and/or overhead with respect to the seat 104. The pair of upper movable arms 106 may be configured to follow a path so as to approach an apex above the user's head so that the pair of upper movable arms 106 may approximate toward each other as they are pressed upwardly to come into contact at or substantially near contact along an axial midline of the user's body. Each of upper movable arms 106 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 106 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending vertically through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 100. As shown, the user's arms may have an extended position so that an angle of between and including about 168 degrees and about 178 degrees, such as 173 degrees, is formed between the reference line R₁ and the user's humerus. In embodiments, the user's arms may be disposed at a different angle formed between the reference line R₁ and the user's humerus in an extended position. Pressing of the upper movable arms 106 by the user may cause a selected portion 108 a of the first resistance load 108 to linearly move along the frame 102. An unselected portion 108 b of the first resistance load 108 may remain stationary along the frame 102. In embodiments, a selected portion 108 a of the first resistance load 108 may comprise the entire first resistance load 108.

The user moves the lower movable arm 110 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly from its resting position while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 106 as described above. The user may pull on a portion of the lower movable arm 110 for example, the extensions 112, with a portion of his or her leg, for example, the feet, ankles and/or calves, to move the lower movable arm 110 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly toward the seat 104 to perform leg curls. Such movement of the lower movable arm 110 by the user may cause a selected portion 116 a of the second resistance load 116 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 102. An unselected portion 116 b of the second resistance load 116 may remain stationary along the frame 102. In embodiments, a selected portion 116 a of the second resistance load 116 may comprise the entire second resistance load 116.

The downward and rearward curling of the lower movable arm 110 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform overhead presses with the pair of upper movable arms 106 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's deltoid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's deltoid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the overhead pressing motion of the pair of upper movable arms 106 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg curls with the lower movable arm 110 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's hamstring muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and rearward curling motion of the lower movable arm 106 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the deltoid muscles and/or hamstring muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 100 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing shoulder presses with the pair of movable arms 106. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 100 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg curls with the lower movable arm 110.

Turning to FIG. 2A, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 200. Physical exercise apparatus 200 includes a frame 202 having a first portion 202 a and a second portion 202 b. A seat 204 is supported by the frame 202 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 206 are movably coupled to the first portion 202 a of the frame 202 and configured to move upwardly relative to the seat 204. The pair of upper movable arms 206 may be configured to be pressed, pushed, lifted, and/or raised upwardly and/or overhead with respect to seat 204 so that a user can perform, for example, shoulder presses with the pair of upper movable arms 206. The first portion 202 a of frame 202 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 204 so that each upper movable arm 206 may be movably coupled to the frame 202 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 206 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned level with or above a user's head in an at least partially supine position on the seat 204. The pair of upper movable arms 206 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 208. In embodiments, first resistance load 208 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 210 is movably coupled to the second portion 202 b of the frame 202. The lower movable arm 210 may include a pair of extensions 212 extending therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 212 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 212 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 210 is positioned in front of the seat 204 so that a user may engage the extensions 212 or another portion of lower movable arm 210 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 204. The user may engage extensions 212 with his or her lower body and move the lower movable arm 210 to perform, for example, leg extensions. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 210 has an initial resting position extending downwardly and in a vertical orientation from a portion of frame 202 disposed in front of the seat 204.

The second portion 202 b of the frame 202 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 204 so that the lower movable arm 210 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 202. The lower movable arm 210 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 216. In embodiments, second resistance load 216 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 200 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 2B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 200 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 204. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 206 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 206 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 70 degrees and about 80 degrees, such as 75 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line R₂ formed by the user's lateral thorax. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line R₂.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 210 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower leg, for example, feet, ankles, and/or shins, below and/or behind the extensions 212.

With reference to FIG. 2C, the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 206 while independently moving the lower arm 210 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 210 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 206 and/or vice-versa. The user may press, push, raise, and/or lift the pair of upper movable arms 206 upwardly and/or overhead with respect to the seat 204. The pair of upper movable arms 206 may be configured to follow a path so as to approach an apex above the user's head so that the pair of upper movable arms 206 may approximate toward each other as they are pressed upwardly to come into contact at or substantially near contact along an axial midline of the user's body. Each of upper movable arms 206 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 206 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending vertically through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 200. As shown, the user's arms may have an extended position so that an angle of between and including about 168 degrees and about 178 degrees, such as 173 degrees, is formed between the reference line R₂ and the user's humerus. In embodiments, the user's arms may be disposed at a different angle formed between the reference line R₅ and the user's humerus in an extended position. Pressing of the upper movable arms 206 by the user may cause a selected portion 208 a of the first resistance load 208 to linearly move along the frame 202. An unselected portion 208 b of the first resistance load 208 may remain stationary along the frame 202. In embodiments, a selected portion 208 a of the first resistance load 208 may comprise the entire first resistance load 208.

The user moves the lower movable arm 210 forwardly and/or generally upwardly from the resting position while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 206 as described above. The user may press forwardly on a portion of the lower movable arm 210 for example, the extensions 212, with a portion of his or her leg, for example, the feet, ankles and/or shins, to move the lower movable arm 210 forwardly and/or generally upwardly away from the seat 204 to perform leg extensions. Such movement of the lower movable arm 210 by the user may cause a selected portion 216 a of the second resistance load 216 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 202. An unselected portion 216 b of the second resistance load 216 may remain stationary along the frame 202. In embodiments, a selected portion 216 a of the second resistance load 216 may comprise the entire second resistance load 216.

The forward and upward movement of the lower movable arm 210 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform overhead presses with the pair of upper movable arms 206 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's deltoid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's deltoid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the overhead pressing motion of the pair of upper movable arms 206 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg extensions with the lower movable arm 210 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's quadriceps muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the forward and upward curling motion of the lower movable arm 206 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the deltoid muscles and/or quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 200 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing shoulder presses with the pair of movable arms 206. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 200 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg extensions with the lower movable arm 210.

Turning to FIG. 3A, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 300. Physical exercise apparatus 300 includes a frame 302 having a first portion 302 a and a second portion 302 b. A seat 304 is supported by the frame 302 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 306 are movably coupled to the first portion 302 a of the frame 302 and configured to move downwardly and/or laterally toward the seat 304 so that a user can perform, for example, downward retractions with the pair of upper movable arms 306. The first portion 302 a of frame 302 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 304 so that each upper movable arm 306 may be movably coupled to the frame 302 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 306 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned level with or above a user's head in an at least partially supine position on the seat 304. The pair of upper movable arms 306 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 308. In embodiments, first resistance load 308 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 310 is movably coupled to the second portion 302 b of the frame 302. The lower movable arm 310 may include a pair of extensions 312 extending therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 312 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 312 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 310 is positioned in front of the seat 304 so that a user may engage the extensions 312 or another portion of lower movable arm 310 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 304. The user may engage extensions 312 with his or her lower body and move the movable arm 310 to perform, for example, leg curls. Physical exercise apparatus 300 may further comprise a bracing arm 314 for maintaining each of the user's upper legs in a substantially stationary position while the user's lower legs engage and move the lower movable arm 310. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 310 may have a resting position extending generally horizontally away from a portion of the frame 302 positioned in front of the seat 304.

The second portion 302 b of the frame 302 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 304 so that the lower movable arm 310 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 302. The lower movable arm 310 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 316. In embodiments, second resistance load 316 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 300 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 3B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 300 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 304. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 306 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 306 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 75 degrees and about 85 degrees, such as 80 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line R₃ formed by the user's clavicle. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line R₃.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 310 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower legs, for example, feet, ankles, and/or calves, over the extensions 312. The user may further place a portion of his or her mid and/or upper legs below bracing arm 314, for example, the shin, knee and/or thigh.

With reference to FIGS. 3C, 3D, and 3E the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 306 while independently moving the lower arm 310 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 310 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 306 and/or vice-versa. The user may pull the pair of upper movable arms 306 downwardly and/or laterally toward the seat 304. Each of upper movable arms 306 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 306 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending obliquely through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 300 (best shown in FIG. 3D). As shown, the user's arms may have a retracted position so that an angle of between and including about −15 degrees and about −25 degrees, such as −20 degrees, is formed between the reference line R₃ and the user's humerus. In embodiments, the user's arms may be disposed at a different angle formed between the reference line R₃ and the user's humerus in the retracted position. Refraction of the upper movable arms 306 by the user may cause a selected portion 308 a of the first resistance load 308 to linearly move along the frame 302. An unselected portion 308 b of the first resistance load 308 may remain stationary along the frame 302. In embodiments, a selected portion 308 a of the first resistance load 308 may comprise the entire first resistance load 308.

The user moves the lower movable arm 310 downwardly and/or generally rearwardly from its resting position while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 306 as described above. The user may pull on a portion of the lower movable arm 310 for example, the extensions 312, with a portion of his or her legs, for example, the feet, ankles and/or calves, to move the lower movable arm 310 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly toward the seat 304 to perform leg curls (best shown in FIG. 3E). Such movement of the lower movable arm 310 by the user may cause a selected portion 316 a of the second resistance load 316 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 302. An unselected portion 316 b of the second resistance load 316 may remain stationary along the frame 302. In embodiments, a selected portion 316 a of the second resistance load 316 may comprise the entire second resistance load 316.

The downward and rearward curling of the lower movable arm 310 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform downward and/or rearward pulling of the pair of upper movable arms 306 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the downward retraction motion of the pair of upper movable arms 306 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg curls with the lower movable arm 310 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's hamstring muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and rearward curling motion of the lower movable arm 310 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles, and/or the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 300 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing downward retraction exercises with the pair of movable arms 306. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 300 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg curls with the lower movable arm 310.

Turning to FIG. 4A, a physical exercise apparatus, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 400. Physical exercise apparatus 400 includes a frame 402 having a first portion 402 a and a second portion 402 b. A seat 404 is supported by the frame 402 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

A movable upper arm 406 is movably coupled to the first portion 402 a of the frame 402 and configured to move downwardly and/or rearwardly toward the seat 404 so that a user can perform, for example, lat pulldowns with the upper movable arm 406. The first portion 402 a of frame 402 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 404 so that the upper movable arm 406 may be movably coupled to the frame 402 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. Upper movable arm 406 extends laterally across physical exercise apparatus 400 and is symmetrically positioned above and in front of seat 404. Upper movable arm 406 may be a unitary member such as a bar, as shown, or may have a different configuration, such as a pair of jointly or independently movable arms. The upper movable arm 406 is coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 408. In embodiments, first resistance load 408 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 410 is movably coupled to the second portion 402 b of the frame 402, for example, via pulley 407, as shown. The lower movable arm 410 may include a pair of extensions 412 extending laterally therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 412 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 412 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 410 is positioned in front of the seat 404 so that a user may engage the extensions 412 or another portion of lower movable arm 410 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 404. The user may engage extensions 412 with his or her lower body and move the movable arm 410 to perform, for example, leg curls. Physical exercise apparatus 400 may further comprise a bracing arm 414 for maintaining each of the user's upper legs in a substantially stationary position while the user's lower legs engage and move the lower movable arm 410. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 410 may have a resting position extending generally horizontally away from a portion of the frame 402 positioned in front of the seat 404.

The second portion 402 b of the frame 402 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 404 so that the lower movable arm 410 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 402. The lower movable arm 410 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 416. In embodiments, second resistance load 416 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 400 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 4B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 400 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 404. A user may access upper movable arm 406 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the upper movable arm 406 in an overhand or underhand manner.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 410 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower legs, for example, feet, ankles, and/or calves, over the extensions 412. The user may further place a portion of his or her mid and/or upper legs below bracing arm 414, for example, the shin, knee and/or thigh.

With reference to FIG. 4C, the user may simultaneously move the upper movable arm 406 while independently moving the lower arm 410 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 410 during movement of the upper movable arm 406 and/or vice-versa. The user may pull the upper movable arm 406 downwardly and/or laterally toward the seat 404 to a level that is vertically adjacent with a portion of the user's body, for example, substantially level with the user's chin. Pulling of the upper movable arm 406 by the user may cause a selected portion 408 a of the first resistance load 408 to linearly move along the frame 402. An unselected portion 408 b of the first resistance load 408 may remain stationary along the frame 402. In embodiments, a selected portion 408 a of the first resistance load 408 may comprise the entire first resistance load 408.

The user moves the lower movable arm 410 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly from its resting position while independently moving the upper movable arm 406 as described above. The user may pull on a portion of the lower movable arm 410, for example, the extensions 412, with a portion of his or her legs, for example, the feet, ankles and/or calves, to move the lower movable arm 410 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly toward the seat 404 to perform leg curls. Such movement of the lower movable arm 410 by the user may cause a selected portion (not shown) of the second resistance load 416 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 402. An unselected portion 416 b of the second resistance load 416 may remain stationary along the frame 402. In embodiments, a selected portion 416 a of the second resistance load 416 may comprise the entire second resistance load 416.

The downward and rearward curling of the lower movable arm 410 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform lat pulldowns with the upper movable arm 406 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the downward and/or rearward motion of the upper movable arm 406 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg curls with the lower movable arm 410 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's hamstring muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and rearward curling motion of the lower movable arm 410 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the levator scapulae, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles, and/or the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 400 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing lat pulldown exercises with the upper movable arm 406. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 400 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg curls with the lower movable arm 410.

Turning to FIG. 5A, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 500. Physical exercise apparatus 500 includes a frame 502 having a first portion 502 a and a second portion 502 b. A seat 504 is supported by the frame 502 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. Seat 504 may be reclined relative to a flat surface supporting frame 502. In embodiments, seat 504 may be reclined at an angle of about 135 degrees relative to a flat surface supporting frame 502. In embodiments, seat 504 may be disposed at a different angle relative to a surface supporting frame 502.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 506 are movably coupled to the first portion 502 a of the frame 502 and configured to move upwardly relative to the seat 504. The pair of upper movable arms 506 may be configured to be pressed, pushed, lifted, and/or raised upwardly and/or overhead with respect to seat 504 so that a user can perform, for example, shoulder presses with the pair of upper movable arms 506. The first portion 502 a of frame 502 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 504 so that each upper movable arm 506 may be movably coupled to the frame 502 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 506 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned level with or above a user's head in an at least partially supine position on the seat 504. The pair of upper movable arms 506 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 508. In embodiments, first resistance load 508 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A movable sled 510 may be movably coupled to the second portion 502 b of the frame 502 so that the movable sled 510 can slide along the second portion 502 b of the frame 502. In embodiments, movable sled 510 and the second portion 502 b of frame 502 may be movably coupled, for example, in a wheel and track configuration. The second portion 502 b of the frame 502 may be substantially stationary with respect to the seat 504 so that the movable sled 510 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 502. Movable sled 510 may be inclined with respect to a flat surface supporting frame 502. In embodiments, movable sled 510 may be reclined at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to a surface supporting frame 502. In embodiments, movable sled 510 may be disposed at a different angle relative to a surface supporting frame 502. The movable sled 510 is positioned in front of the seat 504 so that a user may engage the movable sled 510 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 504. The user may engage movable sled 510 with a portion of his or her lower body, for example, his or her feet, so that a user can perform, for example, leg presses while engaged with the movable sled 510.

The movable sled 510 is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load 512 so that at least a portion of movable resistance load can be raised and lowered along the second portion 502 b of the frame 502, as described further herein.

Referring to FIG. 5B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 500 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 504. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 506 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 506 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 70 degrees and about 80 degrees, such as 75 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line formed by the user's lateral thorax. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the movable sled 510 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower body, for example, his or her feet, on the movable sled 510.

With reference to FIG. 5C, the user may move the pair of movable upper arms 506 while independently moving the movable sled 510 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the movable sled 510 during movement of the upper movable arms 506 and/or vice-versa. The user may press, push, raise, and/or lift the pair of upper movable arms 506 upwardly and/or overhead with respect to the seat 504. The pair of upper movable arms 506 may be configured to follow a path so as to approach an apex above the user's head so that the pair of upper movable arms 506 may approximate toward each other as they are pressed upwardly to come into contact or substantially near contact along an axial midline of the user's body. Each of upper movable arms 506 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 506 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending vertically through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 500. Such movement of the upper movable arms 506 by the user may cause a selected portion 508 a of the resistance load 508 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 502. An unselected portion 508 b of the resistance load 508 may remain stationary along the frame 502. In embodiments, a selected portion 508 a of the resistance load 508 may comprise the entire resistance load 508.

The user moves the movable sled 510 forwardly and/or generally upwardly away from the resting position while independently moving the pair of movable arms 506 as described above. Such movement of the movable sled 510 by the user may cause a selected portion 512 a of the resistance load 512 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 502. An unselected portion 512 b of the resistance load 512 may remain stationary along the frame 502. In embodiments, a selected portion 512 a of the resistance load 512 may comprise the entire resistance load 512.

The forward and/or upward motion of the movable sled 510 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform overhead presses with the pair of upper movable arms 506 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's deltoid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's deltoid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent, and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups. In embodiments, a substantial amount of the resistive loading may be received by the anterior portion of the user's deltoid muscles by virtue of the angle of reclination of the seat 504 and movable sled 510.

Additionally or alternatively, the upward motion of the pair of upper movable arms 506 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg presses with the movable sled 510 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's quadriceps and/or gluteal muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's quadriceps and/or gluteal muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the upward and forward pressing motion of the movable sled 510 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the user's deltoid, quadriceps, and/or gluteal muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 500 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing shoulder presses with the pair of movable arms 506. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 500 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg presses with the movable sled 510.

Turning to FIG. 6, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 600. Physical exercise apparatus 600 is substantially similar to physical exercise apparatus 500 described above, but is devoid of a weight stack operably coupled to a movable sled and alternatively includes a mount 612 adapted to receive one or more removable weights 614 so that a user can select a resistance associated with the movement of a movable sled. In embodiments, it will be understood that weight stacks and removable weights may be used in any desirable combination with a physical exercise apparatus.

Turning to FIG. 7A, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 700. Physical exercise apparatus 700 includes a frame 702 having a first portion 702 a and a second portion 702 b. A seat 704 is supported by the frame 702 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 706 are movably coupled to the first portion 702 a of the frame 702 and configured to move rearwardly and/or laterally outwardly relative to the seat 704. The pair of upper movable arms 706 may be configured to be pulled with respect to seat 704 so that a user can perform, for example, seated rows with the pair of upper movable arms 706. The first portion 702 a of frame 702 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 704 so that each upper movable arm 706 may be movably coupled to the frame 702 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 706 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned in front of the user in the at least partially supine position on the seat 704. The pair of upper movable arms 706 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 708. In embodiments, first resistance load 708 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 710 is movably coupled to the second portion 702 b of the frame 702. The lower movable arm 710 may include a pair of extensions 712 extending laterally therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 712 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 712 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 710 is positioned in front of the seat 704 so that a user may engage the extensions 712 or another portion of lower movable arm 710 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 704. The user may engage extensions 712 with his or her lower body and move the lower movable arm 710 to perform, for example, leg extensions. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 710 has an initial resting position extending downwardly and in a vertical orientation from a portion of frame 702 disposed in front of the seat 704.

The second portion 702 b of the frame 702 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 704 so that the lower movable arm 710 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 702. The lower movable arm 710 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 716. In embodiments, second resistance load 716 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 700 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 7B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 700 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 704. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 706 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 706 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 60 degrees and about 70 degrees, such as 65 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line R₇ formed by the user's clavicle. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line R₇.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 710 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower leg, for example, feet, ankles, and/or shins, below and/or behind the extensions 712.

With reference to FIG. 7C, the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 706 while independently moving the lower arm 710 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 710 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 706 and/or vice-versa. The user may pull the pair of upper movable arms 706 rearwardly and/or laterally outwardly with respect to the seat 704. Each of upper movable arms 706 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 706 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 700. As shown, the user's arms may have an retracted position so that an angle of between and including about −35 degrees and about −45 degrees, such as −40 degrees, is formed between the reference line R₇ and the user's humerus. In embodiments, the user's arms may be disposed at a different angle formed between the reference line R₅ and the user's humerus after pulling the pair of upper movable arms 706.

In embodiments, the user may be positioned throughout the user of exercise equipment apparatus 700 such that an angle of between and including about 45 degrees and about 55 degrees, such as 50 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and reference line R₇. In embodiments, a user may be positioned such that the user's arms are disposed so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and R₇ throughout the user of exercise equipment apparatus 700.

Pulling of the upper movable arms 706 by the user may cause a selected portion 708 a of the first resistance load 708 to linearly move along the frame 702. An unselected portion 708 b of the first resistance load 708 may remain stationary along the frame 702. In embodiments, a selected portion 708 a of the first resistance load 708 may comprise the entire first resistance load 708.

The user moves the lower movable arm 710 forwardly and/or generally upwardly from the resting position while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 706 as described above. The user may press on a portion of the lower movable arm 710, for example, the extensions 712, with a portion of his or her leg, for example, the feet, ankles and/or shins, to move the lower movable arm 710 forwardly and/or generally upwardly away from the seat 704 to perform leg extensions. Such movement of the lower movable arm 710 by the user may cause a selected portion 716 a of the second resistance load 716 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 702. An unselected portion 716 b of the second resistance load 716 may remain stationary along the frame 702. In embodiments, a selected portion 716 a of the second resistance load 716 may comprise the entire second resistance load 716.

The forward and upward movement of the lower movable arm 710 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform seated rows with the pair of upper movable arms 706 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, and/or rhomboid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the pulling motion of the pair of upper movable arms 706 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg extensions with the lower movable arm 710 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's quadriceps muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the forward and upward motion of the lower movable arm 706 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the latissimus dorsi, middle trapezus, rhomboid, and/or quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 700 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing seated rows with the pair of movable arms 706. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 700 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg extensions with the lower movable arm 710.

Turning to FIG. 8A, a physical exercise apparatus, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 800. Physical exercise apparatus 800 includes a frame 802 having a first portion 802 a and a second portion 802 b. A seat 804 is supported by the frame 802 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 806 are movably coupled to the first portion 802 a of the frame 802 and configured to move forwardly away from the seat 804 so that a user can perform, for example, chest presses with the pair of upper movable arms 806. The first portion 802 a of frame 802 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 804 so that each upper movable arm 806 may be movably coupled to the frame 802 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 806 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned in front of the user in the at least partially supine position on the seat 804. The pair of upper movable arms 806 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 808. In embodiments, first resistance load 808 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 810 is movably coupled to the second portion 802 b of the frame 802. The lower movable arm 810 may include a pair of extensions 812 extending laterally therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 812 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 812 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 810 is positioned in front of the seat 804 so that a user may engage the extensions 812 or another portion of lower movable arm 810 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 804. The user may engage extensions 812 with his or her lower body and move the movable arm 810 to perform, for example, leg curls. Physical exercise apparatus 800 may further comprise a bracing arm 814 for maintaining each of the user's upper legs in a substantially stationary position while the user's lower legs engage and move the lower movable arm 810. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 810 may have a resting position extending generally horizontally away from a portion of the frame 802 positioned in front of the seat 804.

The second portion 802 b of the frame 802 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 804 so that the lower movable arm 810 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 802. The lower movable arm 810 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 816. In embodiments, second resistance load 816 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 800 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Still referring to FIG. 8A, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 800 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 804. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 806 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 806 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about −15 degrees and about −25 degrees, such as −20 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line R₈ formed by the user's clavicle. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line R₈.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 810 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower legs, for example, feet, ankles, and/or calves, over the extensions 812. The user may further place a portion of his or her mid and/or upper legs below bracing arm 814, for example, the shin, knee and/or thigh.

With reference to FIG. 8B, the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 806 while independently moving the lower arm 810 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 810 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 806 and/or vice-versa. The user may press the pair of upper movable arms 806 forwardly away from the seat 804. Each of upper movable arms 806 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 806 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending vertically through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 800. As shown, the user's arms may have an extended position so that an angle of between and including about 60 degrees and about 70 degrees, such as 65 degrees, is formed between the reference line R₈ and the user's humerus. In embodiments, the user's arms may be disposed at a different angle formed between the reference line R₈ and the user's humerus in the extended position. Pressing of the upper movable arms 806 by the user may cause a selected portion 808 a of the first resistance load 808 to linearly move along the frame 802. An unselected portion 808 b of the first resistance load 808 may remain stationary along the frame 802. In embodiments, a selected portion 808 a of the first resistance load 808 may comprise the entire first resistance load 808.

The user moves the lower movable arm 810 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly from its resting position while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 806 as described above. The user may pull on a portion of the lower movable arm 810 for example, the extensions 812, with a portion of his or her legs, for example, the feet, ankles and/or calves, to move the lower movable arm 810 rearwardly and/or generally downwardly toward the seat 804 to perform leg curls. Such movement of the lower movable arm 810 by the user may cause a selected portion 816 a of the second resistance load 816 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 802. An unselected portion 816 b of the second resistance load 816 may remain stationary along the frame 802. In embodiments, a selected portion 816 a of the second resistance load 816 may comprise the entire second resistance load 816.

The downward and rearward curling of the lower movable arm 810 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform chest presses with the pair of upper movable arms 806 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's pectoralis muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's pectoralis muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the forward pressing motion of the pair of upper movable arms 806 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg curls with the lower movable arm 810 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's hamstring muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's hamstring muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and rearward curling motion of the lower movable arm 810 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the user's pectoralis and/or hamstring muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 800 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing chest presses with the pair of movable arms 806. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 800 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg curls with the lower movable arm 810.

Turning to FIG. 9A, a physical exercise apparatus, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 900. Physical exercise apparatus 900 includes a frame 902 having a first portion 902 a and a second portion 902 b. A seat 904 is supported by the frame 902 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 906 are movably coupled to the first portion 902 a of the frame 902 and configured to pivot and/or rotate upwardly and rearwardly toward the seat 904 so that a user can perform, for example, bicep curls with the pair of upper movable arms 906. The first portion 902 a of frame 902 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 904 so that each upper movable arm 906 may be movably coupled to the frame 902 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 906 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned near the user's hips in the at least partially supine position on the seat 904. The pair of upper movable arms 906 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 908. In embodiments, first resistance load 908 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A lower movable arm 910 is movably coupled to the second portion 902 b of the frame 902. The lower movable arm 910 may include a pair of extensions 912 extending therefrom for engagement by a user. In embodiments, extensions 912 may be configured to rotate about an axis, such as in a roller, or may be rotationally fixed. In embodiments, extensions 912 may incorporate a softened material for the comfort of a user, such as padding that incorporates foam, rubber, or fabric, to name a few. The lower movable arm 910 is positioned in front of the seat 904 so that a user may engage the extensions 912 or another portion of lower movable arm 910 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 904. The user may engage extensions 912 with his or her lower body and move the movable arm 910 to perform, for example, leg extensions. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the lower movable arm 910 may have a resting position extending generally vertically downwardly from a portion of the frame 902 positioned in front of the seat 904.

The second portion 902 b of the frame 902 is substantially stationary with respect to the seat 904 so that the lower movable arm 910 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 902. The lower movable arm 910 is coupled with a second linearly movable resistance load 916. In embodiments, second resistance load 916 may be an adjustable weight stack. In embodiments, physical exercise apparatus 900 may incorporate more than one lower movable arm, for example, a pair of independently movable arms.

Referring to FIG. 9B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 900 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 904. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 906 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 906 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing upwardly and/or inwardly.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the lower movable arm 910 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower legs, for example, feet, ankles, and/or shins, under and/or behind the extensions 912.

With reference to FIG. 9C, the user may simultaneously move the pair of upper movable arms 906 while independently moving the lower arm 910 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the lower arm 910 during movement of the pair of upper movable arms 906 and/or vice-versa. The user may curl the pair of upper movable arms 906 upwardly and/or rearwardly toward the seat 904. Curling of the upper movable arms 906 by the user ay cause a selected portion 908 a of the first resistance load 908 to linearly move along the frame 902. An unselected portion 908 b of the first resistance load 908 may remain stationary along the frame 902. In embodiments, a selected portion 908 a of the first resistance load 908 may comprise the entire first resistance load 908.

The user moves the lower movable arm 910 generally upwardly and/or forwardly away from the seat 904 while independently moving the pair of upper movable arms 906 as described above. The user may press on a portion of the lower movable arm 910 for example, the extensions 912, with a portion of his or her legs, for example, the feet, ankles and/or shins, to move the lower movable arm 910 generally forwardly and/or upwardly away from the seat 904 to perform leg extensions. Such movement of the lower movable arm 910 by the user may cause a selected portion 916 a of the second resistance load 916 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 902. An unselected portion 916 b of the second resistance load 916 may remain stationary along the frame 902. In embodiments, a selected portion 916 a of the second resistance load 916 may comprise the entire second resistance load 916.

The downward and rearward curling of the lower movable arm 910 by the user's lower body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform bicep curls with the pair of upper movable arms 906 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's biceps and/or forearm muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's biceps and/or forearm muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the curling motion of the pair of upper movable arms 906 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg extensions with the lower movable arm 910 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's quadriceps muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and rearward curling motion of the lower movable arm 910 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the user's biceps, forearm, and/or quadriceps muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 900 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing bicep curls with the pair of movable arms 906. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 900 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg extensions with the lower movable arm 910.

Turning to FIGS. 10A and 10B, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 1000. Physical exercise apparatus 1000 is substantially similar to physical exercise apparatus 900 described above, and like reference numbers will be used to describe substantially similar components thereof.

Physical exercise apparatus 1000 includes a lower movable arm 1010 that has a generally horizontal resting position with respect to the seat so that a user can engage the lower movable arm 1010 to perform leg curls while performing bicep curls with the pair of upper movable arms 906. Accordingly, lower movable arm 1010 is configured to move generally downwardly and/or rearwardly from the seat 904 upon engagement by at least a portion of a user's body, for example, feet, ankles, and/or calves. A user may move the upper movable arms 906 in the manner described above while simultaneously and independently moving the lower movable arm 1010 generally upwardly and/or forwardly away from the seat 904. A bracing arm 1014 may be provided to maintain upper portions of a user's leg in a substantially stationary position during use of physical exercise apparatus 1000, and a pair of extensions 1012 may extend laterally from the lower movable arm.

In this manner, the distraction of the lower body caused by the downward and/or rearward motion of the lower movable arm 1010 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the user's biceps, forearm, and/or hamstring muscles.

Turning to FIG. 11A, a physical exercise apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is generally designated by reference number 1100. Physical exercise apparatus 1100 includes a frame 1102 having a first portion 1102 a and a second portion 1102 b. A seat 1104 is elevated from the ground supported by the frame 1102 and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position. Seat 1104 may be reclined relative to a flat surface supporting physical exercise apparatus 1100 at an angle of about 130 degrees. In embodiments, seat 1104 may be disposed at a different angle relative to a surface supporting frame 1102. The elevation of seat 1104 from the ground allows for a greater angle of reclination such that different muscles and/or portions thereof may be targeted by physical exercise apparatus 1100, as described further herein.

Each of a pair of independently movable upper arms 1106 are movably coupled to the first portion 1102 a of the frame 1102 and configured to move upwardly relative to the seat 1104. The pair of upper movable arms 1106 may be configured to be pressed, pushed, lifted, and/or raised upwardly and/or overhead with respect to seat 1104 so that a user can perform, for example, shoulder presses with the pair of upper movable arms 1106. The first portion 1102 a of frame 1102 is substantially stationary with respect to seat 1104 so that each upper movable arm 1106 may be movably coupled to the frame 1102 at a respective substantially stationary coupling point. In embodiments, each upper movable arm 1106 may incorporate a gripping member, such as a handle, positioned level with or above a user's head in an at least partially supine position on the seat 1104. The pair of upper movable arms 1106 may be commonly coupled with a first linearly movable resistance load 1108. In embodiments, first resistance load 1108 may be an adjustable weight stack.

A movable sled 1110 may be movably coupled to the second portion 1102 b of the frame 1102 so that the movable sled 1110 can slide along the second portion 1102 b of the frame 1102. In embodiments, movable sled 1110 and the second portion 1102 b of frame 1102 may be movably coupled, for example, in a wheel and track configuration. The second portion 1102 b of the frame 1102 may be substantially stationary with respect to the seat 1104 so that the movable sled 1110 may be movably coupled to a substantially stationary coupling point on the frame 1102. Movable sled 1110 may be inclined with respect to a flat surface supporting physical exercise apparatus 1100. In embodiments, movable sled 1110 may be reclined at an angle of about 50 degrees relative to a surface supporting physical exercise apparatus 1100. In embodiments, movable sled 1110 may be disposed at a different angle relative to a surface supporting physical exercise apparatus 1100. The movable sled 1110 is positioned in front of the seat 1104 so that a user may engage the movable sled 1110 from the at least partially supine position on the seat 1104. The user may engage movable sled 1110 with a portion of his or her lower body, for example, his or her feet, so that a user can perform, for example, leg presses while engaged with the movable sled 1110.

The movable sled 1110 is coupled with a linearly movable resistance load 1112 so that at least a portion of movable resistance load can be raised and lowered along the second portion 1102 b of the frame 1102, as described further herein.

Referring to FIG. 11B, a method of physical exercise training may comprise providing physical exercise apparatus 1100 and positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat 1104. A user may access the pair of upper movable arms 1106 from the at least partially supine position, for example, by grasping the pair of upper movable arms 1106 with the palms of his or her hands disposed facing each other. The user's arms may be initially positioned so that an angle of between and including about 70 degrees and about 80 degrees, such as 75 degrees, is formed between the user's humerus and a reference line formed by the user's lateral thorax. In embodiments, the user's arms may be initially positioned so that a different angle is formed between the user's humerus and the reference line.

Simultaneously or independently, the user may access the movable sled 1110 from the at least partially supine position by placing a portion of his or her lower body, for example, his or her feet, on the movable sled 1110.

With reference to FIG. 11C, the user may move the pair of movable upper arms 1106 while independently moving the movable sled 1110 from the at least partially supine position. In embodiments, the user may continuously move the movable sled 1110 during movement of the upper movable arms 1106 and/or vice-versa. The user may press, push, raise, and/or lift the pair of upper movable arms 1106 upwardly and/or overhead with respect to the seat 1104. The pair of upper movable arms 1106 may be configured to follow a path so as to approach an apex above the user's head so that the pair of upper movable arms 1106 may approximate toward each other as they are pressed upwardly to come into contact or substantially near contact along an axial midline of the user's body. Each of upper movable arms 1106 may move along respective oblique, linear paths so that upper movable arms 1106 converge and diverge about an axial midline extending vertically through the user's body during use of physical exercise apparatus 1100. Such movement of the upper movable arms 1106 by the user may cause a selected portion 1108 a of the resistance load 1108 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 1102. An unselected portion 1108 b of the resistance load 1108 may remain stationary along the frame 1102. In embodiments, a selected portion 1108 a of the resistance load 1108 may comprise the entire resistance load 1108.

The user moves the movable sled 1110 forwardly and/or generally upwardly away from the resting position while independently moving the pair of movable arms 1106 as described above. Such movement of the movable sled 1110 by the user may cause a selected portion 1112 a of the resistance load 1112 to linearly move along a portion of the frame 1102. An unselected portion 1112 b of the resistance load 1112 may remain stationary along the frame 1102. In embodiments, a selected portion 1112 a of the resistance load 1112 may comprise the entire resistance load 1112.

The forward and/or upward motion of the movable sled 1110 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform overhead presses with the pair of upper movable arms 1106 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's deltoid muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's deltoid muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent, and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups.

Additionally or alternatively, the upward motion of the pair of upper movable arms 1106 by the user's upper body may provide distraction so that the user is positioned in a manner to perform leg presses with the movable sled 1110 so that a substantially even resistive loading is received by, for example, the user's quadriceps, hamstrings, and/or gluteal muscles. In this manner, a resistive loading may be transferred to the user's quadriceps, hamstrings and/or gluteal muscles that is symmetric about an axial midline of the user's body. Such a resistive loading may minimize, prevent and/or improve muscular imbalances, and may encourage and/or maintain symmetrical development of muscles with respect to an axial midline of the body within target muscle groups. As described above, the elevation of seat 1104 from the ground allows for a greater level of reclination of the seat 1104 and/or movable sled 1110 such that during use, a greater portion of at least the user's gluteal and/or hamstring muscles receives a resistive loading than in a similar exercise having a lesser angle of reclination of its respective seat and/or movable sled.

In embodiments, the distraction of the lower body caused by the upward and forward pressing motion of the movable sled 1110 by the user's lower body may substantially biomechanically isolate muscles of the upper body, and/or vice-versa, so that increased loading is experienced by target muscle groups. In such embodiments, target muscle groups may include the user's deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings, and/or gluteal muscles. In this manner, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 1100 using muscles of the lower body to leverage muscles of the upper body in performing shoulder presses with the pair of movable arms 1106. Additionally or alternatively, a user may be inhibited from twisting, jerking, and/or shifting when using the physical exercise apparatus 1100 to use muscles of the upper body to leverage muscles of the lower body in performing leg presses with the movable sled 1110.

While this invention has been described in conjunction with the embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the invention, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A physical exercise apparatus, comprising: a frame; a seat supported by the frame and configured to support a user in an at least partially supine position; a pair of upper arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load, the first portion of the frame stationary with respect to the seat; and a lower arm movably attached to a second portion of the frame and coupled with a linearly movable resistance load so that the user can move pair of upper movable arms while separately engaging the lower arm with a portion of his or her lower body.
 2. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pressed upwardly with respect to the seat.
 3. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the arm can be pulled rearwardly toward the seat.
 4. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of movable arms can be pulled downwardly toward the seat.
 5. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pulled generally upwardly with respect to the seat.
 6. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of upper movable arms is movably attached to the first portion of the frame so that the pair of upper movable arms can be pressed forwardly away from the seat.
 7. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally rearwardly toward the seat.
 8. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pulled generally downwardly with respect to the seat.
 9. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pressed generally upwardly with respect to the seat.
 10. The physical exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower movable arm is movably attached to the second portion of the frame so that the lower movable arm can be pressed generally forwardly away from the seat.
 11. A method of physical exercise training comprising: (a) providing a physical exercise apparatus, comprising: a frame, a seat supported by the frame, a pair of upper arms movably coupled to a first portion of the frame and coupled with a common, linearly movable resistance load, the first portion of the frame stationary with respect to the seat, and a lower arm movably coupled to a second portion of the frame and independently movable from the pair of upper arms; (b) positioning at least a portion of a body of a user in an at least partially supine position on the seat; (c) accessing by the user the pair of upper arms with the user in the at least partially supine position; and (d) simultaneously engaging by the user the pair of upper arms to exercise a portion of an anatomy of the user and independently moving by the user the lower arm with a portion of the user's body while the user is in the at least partially supine position.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pushing the pair of movable arms forwardly away from the seat.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms downwardly toward the seat.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms generally upwardly with respect to the seat.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pulling the pair of movable arms rearwardly toward the seat.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein engaging by the user the pair of movable arms includes pressing the pair of movable arms upwardly with respect to the seat.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein moving by the user the lower arm includes pressing the lower arm forwardly away from the seat.
 18. The method of claim 11, wherein moving by the user the lower arm includes pressing the lower arm generally upwardly with respect to the seat.
 19. The method of claim 11, wherein moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally rearwardly with respect to the seat.
 20. The method of claim 11, wherein moving by the user the lower arm includes pulling the lower arm generally downwardly with respect to the seat. 